label category definition usage_note url source prov_class examples resource_id last_modified Accession Assessment Collections An activity with the goal of determining whether or not a specimen should be accessioned into a collection. This Document prov:Activity accession-assessment 20260305 Accessioning Collections The formal, documented process to legally add an object or group of objects to a museum collection. A single accession transaction occurs when one or more objects are acquired in the same manner, from one source, and at one time. Master Glossary for DOI Museum Property Directives prov:Activity accessioning 20260305 Acquisition Collections An activity with the objective of gaining physical custody of an object for a museum collection through purchase, donation, bequest, transfer, or fieldwork. This includes the associated metadata primarily derived from primary sources. The scope of an acquisition includes any prov:Activity that results in the possession of a specimen. In contrast, accession has a specific meaning and involves the formal transfer of ownership. Acquisition is an informal custody transfer of an object by an agent. In contrast, an accession is a formal process by which the ownership of an object is transferred to a museum ISO 21246:2019(en), http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0600008, Master Glossary for DOI Museum Property Directives prov:Activity acquisition 20260305 Action Global A semantically identifiable behavior of an entity or group of entities ISO/IEC 15938-5 prov:Activity action 20260305 Action Specification Global A specification composed of a sequence of instructions to achieve some objective. Subclass of Specification http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000091 Semantic Science Ontology prov:Plan action-specification 20260305 Activity Workflows An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities. http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity PROV-O: The PROV Ontology prov:Entity activity 20260305 Agent Global An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity. Agents typically persons, organizations, or software that perform tasks, including making assertions, or generating information used as evidence. In the execution of such tasks, an 'agent role' is realized that inheres in the agent. http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent PROV-O: The PROV Ontology prov:Entity agent 20260305 Anthropology Collections Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behavior and societies in the past and present. Subclass of Social Sciences https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#Anthropology Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity anthropology 20260305 Archaeological material Collections This class represents an archaeological material, that is a part of a lot of archaeological materials. https://w3id.org/arco/ontology/arco/ArchaeologicalMaterial ArCo Ontology - Architecture of Knowledge prov:Entity archaeological-material 20260305 Archaeology Collections Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. Subclass of Social Science https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#Archaeology Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity archaeology 20260305 Archival Resource Key Identifiers A resolvable URL that serves as a persistent identifier for information objects of any type Notation: ARK https://arks.org/ prov:Entity https://example.org/ark:/12345/x54xz321/s3/f8.05v.tiff ark 20260305 Asset Global An asset represents the conceptual content of a resource. http://www.w3.org/ns/radion#Asset Repository Asset Distribution (RADion) prov:Entity asset 20260305 Astromaterial Collections A material entity extraterrestrial in origin or a derivative of a process involving an extraterrestrial material (impactite) This Document prov:Entity astromaterial 20260305 Astromaterial Collection Collections A curated collection comprised primarily of astromaterials This Document prov:Entity astromaterial-collection 20260305 Barcode Collections Digital coding system showing an eye-visible linear array of rectangular marks of (possibly) varying width, height and vertical alignment, separated by spaces of (possibly) varying width in which the positioning and size of marks and spaces are used to code information to identify various types of material objects Within the collections domain, the term barcode has been extended to refer to a collection-level identifier analogous to a catalog number. https://www.iso.org/standard/59743.html ISO 5127:2017(en) Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary prov:Entity barcode 20260305 Bioinformatics Pipeline Data A software pipeline that is composed of a wide array of software algorithms to process biological raw data. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NGBO_6000685 Next Generation Biobanking Ontology prov:Entity bioinformatics-pipeline 20260305 Biological Collection Collections A museum collection comprised predominantly of biological materials This Document prov:Entity 20260305 Biological Material Collections Material entity representative of one or more living organisms from a particular context, megascopic or microscopic Based on the Darwin Core term, Material Sample (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialSample) prov:Entity 20260305 Biological Object Collections Individual items (physical objects) of a material nature, which live, have lived, or are natural products of or from living organisms. https://cidoc-crm.org/sites/default/files/cidoc_crm_version_7.1.3.pdf Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model version 7.1.3 prov:Entity biological-object 20260305 Biology Collections Biology is the science of life. It is concerned with the characteristics and behaviors of organisms https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#Biology Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity biology 20260305 Catalog Record Collections Written or electronic documentation that captures the unique identifying number assigned to a museum object or group of objects, along with a physical description, condition, provenience, and other pertinent information that facilitates physical and intellectual access. Master Glossary for DOI Museum Property Directives prov:Entity catalog-record 20260305 Collection Collections Designates an accumulated group of objects with a focal characteristic that is assembled and maintained by an agent over time. http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido01053 Lightweight Information Describing Objects prov:Entity collection 20260305 Collection Management Collections All practices and procedures implemented by a museum in acquiring, documenting, handling, accessing, cataloguing, storing, securing, lending, conserving and disposing of collection objects https://www.iso.org/standard/62504.html ISO 18461:2016 International museum statistics prov:Activity collection-management 20260305 Collection Management System Collections An integrated software tool with a metadata structure specifically designed for capturing, curating, preserving, and accessing data associated with museum collections This Document prov:Entity collection-management-system 20260305 Collection Object Collections A physical or digital object that belongs to a museum collection This Document prov:Entity collection-object 20260305 Collection Workflow Workflows A planned activity that defines role(s), procedures, task(s), and a specific structure in direct support of the care and digitization of museum collections A workflow is a type of prov:Activity that has at least two procedures as proper parts. A workflow may be seen as an abstract model of real work. This Document prov:Activity collection-workflow 20260305 Concept Harmonization Data Activity leading to the establishment of a correspondence between two or more closely related or overlapping concepts having in order to eliminate or reduce minor differences between them. https://www.iso.org/standard/63541.html ISO 19104:2016(en) Geographic information — Terminology prov:Activity concept-harmonization 20260305 Conservator Roles Person who performs the operations necessary to maintain the integrity and value of material objects in an information and documentation organization A collections manager is a type of conservator specifically associated with a museum collection https://www.iso.org/standard/59743.html ISO 5127:2017(en) Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary prov:Role conservator 20260305 Contributor Roles An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource. http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor DCMI Metadata Terms prov:Role contributor 20260305 Crystallography Collections Crystallography is the scientific study of crystals. Subclass of Chemistry https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#Crystallography Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity crystallography 20260305 Cultural Heritage Collections Legacy of physical objects and intangible attributes of a group or a society that are inherited from past generations, maintained and protected in the present and preserved for future generations ISO 18461:2016(en) International museum statistics prov:Entity cultural-heritage 20260305 Cultural Studies Collections Cultural studies is a field of theoretically, politically, and empirically engaged cultural analysis that concentrates upon the political dynamics of contemporary culture, its historical foundations, defining traits, conflicts, and contingencies. https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#CulturalStudies Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity cultural-studies 20260305 Curated Holding Collections Comprises aggregations of physical objects that are curated and preserved by one or more Agents over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan. https://cidoc-crm.org/sites/default/files/cidoc_crm_version_7.1.3.pdf Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model version 7.1.3 prov:Entity curated-holding 20260305 Curator Collections Person responsible for overseeing a collection with expertise in the same domain as the collection https://www.iso.org/standard/59743.html ISO 5127:2017(en) Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary prov:Role curator 20260305 Data Archiving Workflows An activity that includes the preservation of data in a repository, archive, or a deposition database; and curation of data and metadata, database accessions, annotation, and data provenance with the goal of ensuring that data is findable and reusable. http://edamontology.org/topic_0219 EDAM - Ontology of bioscientific data analysis and data management prov:Activity data-curation-and-archival 20260305 Data Capture Data Deliberate action that results in the registration of a record into a record keeping system. ISO 18530:2021 Health informatics — Automatic identification and data capture marking and labelling — Subject of care and individual provider identification prov:Activity data-capture 20260305 Data Cleaning Data Refers to the step or series of steps for cleaning and curating data in a workflow. Typically these steps are undertaken by sophisticated tooling/services, or by human interactions. A Data Cleaning step preserves and enriches the content of data. http://purl.org/net/wf-motifs#DataCleaning The Workflow Motif Ontology prov:Activity data-cleaning 20260305 Data Collector Roles Person/institution responsible for finding or gathering/collecting data Adopted from http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#DataCollector prov:Role data-collector 20260305 Data Curation Data A planned process in which existing data is collected, organized, and improved in preparation for subsequent use. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SEPIO_0000131 Ontology for Scientific Evidence and Provenance Information prov:Activity data-curation 20260305 Data Curation Workflow Workflows A type of workflow that includes active steps to curate data as an aid to ongoing management of data through its lifecycle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000102 terms4FAIRskills prov:Activity data-curation-workflow 20260305 Data Curator Roles Person tasked with reviewing, enhancing, cleaning, or standardizing metadata and the associated data submitted for storage, use, and maintenance within a centralized data store or repository DataCite Metadata Scheme prov:Role data-curator 20260305 Data Entry Data The process by which original, source data is inputted by a human into a digital, structured format for later use and analysis. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142379 NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition prov:Activity data-entry 20260305 Data Governance Data The control of data entry and maintenance to ensure the data meets defined standards, qualities, or constraints. http://edamontology.org/topic_3571 EDAM - Ontology of bioscientific data analysis and data management prov:Plan data-governance 20260305 Data Integration Data Systematic combining of data from different independent and potentially heterogeneous sources, to create a more compatible, unified view of these data for research purposes https://www.iso.org/standard/59743.html ISO 5127:2017(en) Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary prov:Plan data-integration 20260305 Data Lifecycle Data Entire period of time that data exists. This life cycle describes the flow of data starting from planning, collecting, processing, analysing, preserving, sharing and finally reusing the data. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000213 terms4FAIRskills prov:Plan data-lifecycle 20260305 Data Management Plan Data Statement describing how data will be managed throughout a specified life cycle including terms regarding archiving and potential preservation of the data in a data repository. The plan is considered to be a 'living' document, i.e. one which can be updated when necessary. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000196 terms4FAIRskills prov:Plan data-management-plan 20260305 Data Manager Roles A person primarily responsible for database creation, data collection, validation, integration, coding, review, quality evaluation, and archiving, as well as for preparation of reports and data displays. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C51820 NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition prov:Role data-manager 20260305 Data Migration Data The process of transporting data between computers, storage devices, or formats. Data migration is a key consideration for any system implementation, upgrade or consolidation. During data migration, software programs or scripts are used to map system data for automated migration. Master Glossary for DOI Museum Property Directives prov:Activity data-migration 20260305 Data Mobility Data The ability of information to be accessed and exchanged between systems This Document prov:Activity data-mobility 20260305 Data Policy Data Set of high-level principles that establish a guiding framework for data-related issues. A data policy may contain subsidiary sections that define approaches to strategic aspects such as data access; data protection; data management, custodianship or stewardship; data preservation; relevant legal matters; data acquisition; data ethics and other data-related issues. Distinct from a data management policy which is the subset of data policy addressing the management of a specified set of data assets. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000333 terms4FAIRskills prov:Plan data-policy 20260305 Data Preparation Data Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. This Document prov:Activity data-preparation 20260305 Data Product Data A collection of one or more data items that are packaged for or by a specific application. A data product may have input and output ports, code and metadata Adopted from ISO 21961:2003, https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#DataProduct prov:Entity data-product 20260305 Data Product Specification Data Detailed description of a dataset or dataset series together with additional information that will enable it to be created, supplied to and used by another party https://www.iso.org/standard/78898.html ISO 19126:2021(en) Geographic information — Feature concept dictionaries and registers prov:Plan data-product-specification 20260305 Data Profiling Data The statistical analysis and assessment of the quality of data values within a dataset for consistency, uniqueness and logic. The data profiling process cannot identify inaccurate data; it can only identify business rules violations and anomalies. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000516 terms4FAIRskills prov:Activity data-profiling 20260305 Data Provider Roles An agent or agents that produces data or reference metadata https://www.iso.org/standard/52500.html ISO 17369:2013(en) Statistical data and metadata exchange (SDMX) prov:Role data-provider 20260305 Data Publication Workflow Workflows Activities and processes in a digital environment that lead to the publication of data, associated metadata and accompanying documentation as a web-based resource. Adopted from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000190 prov:Activity data-publication-workflow 20260305 Data Publishing Data Process whereby data are subjected to an assessment process to determine whether they should be acquired by a repository; followed by a rigorous acquisition and ingest process that results in products being publicly made available and supported for the long-term by that repository. https://www.iso.org/standard/59743.html ISO 5127:2017(en) Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary prov:Activity data-publishing 20260305 Data Quality Data The reliability and application efficiency of data. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000507 terms4FAIRskills prov:Plan data-quality 20260305 Data Steward Roles Role within an organization responsible for ensuring metadata quality, integrity, and access in a manner that is consistent with policies and practices established through data governance to ensure the data is fit for reuse. Adopted from ISO/TR 14872:2019 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000178, Thomas G (2009) prov:Role data-steward 20260305 Data Transformation Data A process whereby data is changed from one format or structure to another. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C43582 NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition prov:Activity data-transformation 20260305 Data Validation Data Process used to determine if data are inaccurate, incomplete, or unreasonable. The process may include format checks, completeness checks, check key tests, reasonableness checks, limit checks, and checking for compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000238 terms4FAIRskills prov:Activity data-validation 20260305 Dataset Data An identifiable collection of data https://www.iso.org/standard/78898.html ISO 19101-1:2014(en) Geographic information — Reference model — Part 1: Fundamentals prov:Entity Data products such as images, catalogs, parameter files, calibration data, instrument characteristics, articles, and web pages dataset 20260305 Deaccession Collections The formal, documented process by which a museum or institution permanently removes an object from its permanent collection. An accession is guided by internal policy, professional ethics, and often oversight by governing boards or curatorial committees. Art Glossary: Definitions of Common Art Terms and Techniques prov:Activity deaccession 20260305 Derivation Global A transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity. For an entity to be transformed from, created from, or resulting from an update to another, there must be some underpinning activity or activities performing the necessary action(s) resulting in such a derivation. http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Derivation The PROV Namespace prov:Entity derivation 20260305 Determination Collections The systematic identification and classification of a collection object A action of making a determination is independent of the accession status of a specimen. http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E17_Type_Assignment CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model version 7.1.3 prov:Entity determination 20260305 Digital Collections Collections Designates an aggregation of digital objects, including digital versions of physical media, digitised resources, or born-digital items. The collection may be online presented or not. Disambiguates Collection terms in the LIDO ObjectType vocabulary. Here, Digital Collections are disambiguated from Physical and Online Collections http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido01032 Lightweight Information Describing Objects prov:Entity digital-collections 20260305 Digital Object Identifier Identifiers Persistent identifiers standardized by the ISO. DOIs a re an implementation of the handle system and adhere to the URI (Universal Resource Identifier) system. Notation: DOI https://www.doi.org/, ISO 26324:2025 Information and documentation—Digital object identifier system prov:Entity https://doi.org/10.1000/182 doi 20260305 Digitization Collections Process of converting analogue materials into digital form ISO 21246:2019 Information and documentation — Key indicators for museums prov:Activity digitization 20260305 Digitization Backlog Collections Accessioned collection objects for which digitization has not yet begun — meaning no specimen metadata has been captured in a collections management system or similar software. In the broadest sense of the term, the backlog consists of incomplete digital records, which prohibits the digitization process from advancing to the data curation and archival phase. This Document prov:Entity backlog 20260305 Distribution Collections A specific serialized representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above). Adopted from http://schema.org/distribution and https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Distribution prov:Entity distribution 20260305 Distribution Phase Workflows The stage in a project when a serialized version of a mobilized dataset is made available This Document prov:Plan distribution-phase 20260305 Entity Global An entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary. http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity PROV-O prov:Entity entity 20260305 Environmental Science Collections Environmental science is the science of the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, but with particular attention to the effects of humans on the natural environment. Subclass of Earth Science https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#EnvironmentalScience Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity environmental-science 20260305 Event Global Something that happens or occurs in time and space. An event may be caused by nature, an agent, or a combination of nature and agent. Events have temporal and spatial boundaries. An event may actively involve some agent(s) and affect any entity. An event may be discrete, happening at a specific moment in time, or may occur over an extended period of time. Events may have events as parts, and events may precede or follow one another. Multiple agents may participate in the same event, and in different roles. https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#Event International Council on Archives Records in Contexts Ontology (ICA RiC-O) version 1.1 prov:Activity event 20260305 Event Type Global Categorization scheme for grouping events by purpose Curation event types include creation; acquisition; transfer; arrangement; description; digitization, etc. Biographical event types include birth, marriage, death, etc. https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#EventType International Council on Archives Records in Contexts Ontology (ICA RiC-O) version 1.1 prov:Activity event-type 20260305 Extract Transform Load Data A planned data integration process that extracts concretizations of information from a data source, prepares and transforms them, then loads the transformed concretizations into a target data store. Adopted from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000650 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142549 prov:Activity extract-transform-load 20260305 FAIR Principles Data The FAIR principles are guidelines to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets. The principles emphasise machine-actionability (i.e., the capacity of computational systems to find, access, interoperate, and reuse data with none or minimal human intervention) because humans increasingly rely on computational support to deal with data as a result of the increase in volume, complexity, and creation speed of data. The principles refer to three types of entities: data (or any digital object), metadata (information about that digital object), and infrastructure. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000447 terms4FAIRskills prov:Plan fair-principles 20260305 Feature of Interest Data The thing being sampled or transformed in an act of sampling. https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/#SOSAFeatureOfInterest Semantic Sensor Network Ontology prov:Entity feature-of-interest 20260305 Field Data User-interface element in which data is entered or presented ISO 9241-125:2017(en) Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 125: Guidance on visual presentation of information prov:Entity field 20260305 Field Work Collections Investigation or other type of formal activity practiced by direct observation in the field as a form of primary reconnaissance This Document and adopted from ISO 22932-2:2020 prov:Activity field-work 20260305 Format Transformation Data A type of data transformation that preserves the content of a dataset while converting its representation format. Adopted from http://purl.org/net/wf-motifs#FormatTransformation prov:Activity format-transformation 20260305 Fossil Collections Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal preserved in the Earth's crust since some past geologic or prehistoric time; loosely, any evidence of past life. Neuendorf et al. (2005) prov:Entity 20260305 Functional Specification Workflows A functional specification is a specification that describes the characteristics of an object. http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000315 Semanticscience Integrated Ontology prov:Plan Subclass of Specification functional-specification 20260305 Generated Global The completion of production of a new entity by an activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation. Given that a generation is the completion of production of an entity, it is instantaneous. http://hl7.org/fhir/w3c-provenance-activity-type/generation W3C PROV Data Model Activity concepts prov:Activity generated 20260305 Geological Collection Collections A museum collection comprised predominantly of geological materials. This Document prov:Entity 20260305 Geological Material Collections A material entity comprised of a natural amount of matter generated by some geologic process Can include minor parts that are not of geologic origin, such as organic material, and can be solid, fluid, or a mix. Adopted from GeoCore Ontology and Geosciences Ontology prov:Entity geological-material 20260305 Geological Specimen Collections A collection object that is a geologic material This Document prov:Entity geologic-specimen 20260305 Geology Collections Study of the planet earth, its composition, structure, physical and chemical processes, and history since its origin. https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/USGSThesaurus/geology USGS Thesaurus prov:Activity 20260305 Glossary Global A collection of defined concepts within a domain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C18232 NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition prov:Entity glossary 20260305 Identifier Collections A word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination of these used to uniquely identify or reference an individual instance of an entity within a specific information domain. Can include Global Persistent Identifiers (globally unique and persistently resolvable identifier for the entity) and/or Local Identifiers. Both the domain within which the identifier is unique, and the rules used in forming the identifier value should be provided with the identifier value. https://www.ica.org/standards/RiC/ontology#Identifier International Council on Archives Records in Contexts Ontology (ICA RiC-O) version 1.1 prov:Entity identifier 20260305 Identifier assignment Workflows An activity that results in the allocation of an identifier that may be locally or globally unique Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E15_Identifier_Assignment CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model version 7.1.3 prov:Activity identifier-assignment 20260305 Initiator Workflows Something that sets into motion some course of events or causes something to happen. In the context of a collection workflow, an initiator starts a new procedure or branch of an existing workflow http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C54190 NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition prov:Activity initiator 20260305 International Generic Sample Number Identifiers Globally unique, persistent and domain-agnostic identifiers for physical samples resolved through a Handle System. Mirrors the format and usage of DOIs Notation: IGSN https://ev.igsn.org/ prov:Entity 10.58151/NHB000N08 igsn 20260305 Internationalized Resource Identifier Identifiers An internet protocol standard which builds on the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) protocol by greatly expanding the set of permitted characters. Notation: IRI https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ RFC 3987 prov:Entity http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/preparations iri 20260305 Iterative Workflow Workflows A workflow whose steps are the repetition of the same task type. https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ddecfff6_d3a1_4972_b9e9_3d0ca11a3a0b Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology prov:Activity iterative-workflow 20260305 Kind (of) Data A grouping of entities that share a common set of characteristics in a particular context. Analogous to a 'category' or classification scheme item value This Document prov:Entity kind-of 20260305 Library Collections Organization, or part of an organization, the main aim of which is to facilitate the use of such information resources, services and facilities as are required to meet the informational, research, educational, cultural or recreational needs of its users ISO 18461:2016 International museum statistics prov:Entity library 20260305 Life Science Identifier Identifiers A type of uniform resource name (URN) that conforms to the URN standards defined by the IETF. Notation: LSID https://www.lsid.info/ prov:Entity http://www.lsid.info/urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:138474 lsid 20260305 Loan Collections The temporary transfer of custody of museum property on either a short- term (three years or less) or long-term basis. A loan must be for official purposes and may be incoming or outgoing. The terms of a loan are documented in a loan agreement or similar instrument. Master Glossary for DOI Museum Property Directives prov:Activity loan 20260305 Local Identifier Data Designates an assigned code that is uniquely and meaningfully defined only in the local source system or within the scope of an internal management system. Locally defined identifiers should not be used to establish equality between resources from separate source systems. They may be used only to compare resources coming from the same local system. They must not be considered to have meaning of their own. http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido00100 Lightweight Information Describing Objects prov:Entity local-identifier 20260305 Man-made Object Collections Comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. Includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. https://cidoc-crm.org/sites/default/files/cidoc_crm_version_7.1.3.pdf CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model version 7.1.3 prov:Entity man-made-object 20260305 Material Entity Collections An entity that exists in full during the length of time of its existence, persists through this time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 Basic Form Ontology prov:Entity material-entity 20260305 Material Sample Collections A material entity that represents an entity of interest in whole or in part dwc:MaterialSample. Top concept in material sample object type hierarchy. Represents any material sample object. http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialSample Darwin Core prov:Entity material-sample 20260305 Metadata Data Data that defines and describes other data ISO/IEC 5207:2024(en) Information technology — Data usage — Terminology and use cases prov:Entity metadata 20260305 Mobilization Workflows The process of preparing and transferring data from an internal resource or system to external networks for the purposes of distribution This Document prov:Activity mobilization 20260305 Module Data A self-contained component (unit or item) that is used in combination with other components. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C42721 NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition prov:Entity module 20260305 Museum Collections An institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BCO_0000059 The Biological Collections Ontology prov:Entity museum 20260305 Museum Collection Collections An object aggregate that has as member parts a material sample that is located in a museum as a result of a process of curation. The class museum collection has meaning that is much broader than biological collections. It would probably be better to import this term from another, more general ontology and create a specific subclass for natural history museum collection. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BCO_0000031 The Biological Collections Ontology prov:Entity museum-collection 20260305 Natural Sciences Collections The natural sciences are those branches of empirical science that produce a comprehension of the natural world through the use of data collected from it by observation and measurement to construct deterministic and/or stochastic quantitative models of its phenomena. https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#NaturalScience Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity natural-sciences 20260305 Online Collection Collections A virtual collection primarily designed and collocated for online presentation. The items presented in an online collection may refer to physical objects or digital resources, or both. http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido01055 Lightweight Information Describing Objects prov:Entity online-collection 20260305 Open Researcher and Contributor ID Identifiers A unique, persistent identifier (PID) for individuals to use as they engage in research, scholarship, and innovation activities. Notation: ORCiD https://orcid.org/ prov:Entity https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-9134 orcid 20260305 Organization Global An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc. http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Organization PROV-O: The PROV Ontology prov:Entity organization 20260305 Paleontology Collections Study of life in past geologic time based on fossil plants and animals. https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/USGSThesaurus/paleontology USGS Thesaurus prov:Activity 20260305 Paleontology Collection Collections A museum collection comprised predominantly of fossils This Document prov:Entity 20260305 Parallel Workflow Workflows A workflow with some tasks running concurrently. A workflow can be seen as a direct acyclic graph, whose nodes are tasks and edges are asymmetric causal relations. A parallel graph occurs when the topological order of such graph if not unique, meaning that there is at least one portion of the workflow in which at least two tasks are running concurrently. https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5848e476_2768_4988_98f9_9053c532307b Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology prov:Activity parallel-workflow 20260305 Persistent Identifier Identifiers Unique identifier that ensures permanent access for a digital object by providing access to it independently of its physical location or current ownership. PID are a generalized reference and not specific to a particular standardized format such as a UUID Notation: PID ISO 5127:2017(en) Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary prov:Entity https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-9134 pid 20260305 Physical Collection Collections Designates an aggregated group of tangible objects Disambiguates Collection terms in the LIDO ObjectType vocabulary. Here, Physical Collections are disambiguated from Digital and Online Collections Adopted from http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido01053 prov:Entity physical-collection 20260305 Physical Object Collections Items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be purely administrative or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired. http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E19_Physical_Object CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model version 7.1.3 prov:Entity Information about the Principal Investigator who recorded the data, and the information concerning its storage, handling, and migration. physical-object 20260305 Pipeline Data Full set of logically connected steps needed to transform input data into a result, for which one or more outputs of one data transformation step can be the input of one or more subsequent steps ISO/IEC 11179-34:2024(en) Information technology — Metadata registries (MDR) — Part 34: Metamodel for computable data registration prov:Entity pipeline 20260305 Plan Workflows An entity that represents a set of intended actions or steps executed by one or more agents to achieve some goals. http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Plan PROV-O: The PROV Ontology prov:Entity plan 20260305 Plan specification Workflows A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000104 Information Artifact Ontology prov:Plan plan-specification 20260305 Planned process Workflows A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/COB_0000082 Core Ontology for Biology and Biomedicine prov:Activity planned-process 20260305 Preparation Collections Activities, taking place after specimen acquisition, to make material suitable for a specific purpose such as laboratory (tissue) analysis or long-term preservation The term and associated definition are strictly within the scope of a museum collection and not intended for wider application. This Document prov:Activity preparation 20260305 Preparator Collections Person carrying out the operations required for the conservation of dead animals for decoration purposes or for scientific study https://www.iso.org/standard/59743.html ISO 5127:2017(en) Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary prov:Role preparator 20260305 Preservation Collections Act to prevent or impede biological or physical deterioration of biological material The term and associated definition are strictly within the scope of a biological collection and biological material. This Document prov:Activity preservation 20260305 Primary Source Collections Materials that provide first-hand documentation or knowledge, usually of people, places, events or time periods. Primary sources enable the researcher to trace a research subject to its origin, potentially supporting new interpretations or revealing previously undocumented knowledge of that subject. Secondary sources build upon or extrapolate information derived from primary sources, and the distinction between the two can be quite fluid depending on one's area of study. In most contexts, however, a primary source is understood to be a point of origin, or a piece of raw data, for a research subject. https://libguides.sdsu.edu/primary-sources/terms SDSU Library Guides prov:Entity primary-source 20260305 Procedure Workflows An intentional planned process performed by an agent within the context of a workflow An intentional process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology prov:Activity procedure 20260305 Procedure Specification Workflows A specification on the order, transitions and trigger of multiple action specifications that are part of some aggregate action specification. http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/result#AFR_0000938 Allotrope Foundation Ontology prov:Plan procedure-specification 20260305 Process Workflows A coordinated (parallel and/or serial) sequence of tasks that are connected in order to achieve a common goal as part of a workflow Adopted from ISO 12651-2:2014 and https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#Process prov:Activity process 20260305 Process Protocol Global A standard operating procedure (SOP) that is a collection of activities and the rules that describe when each activity is performed to achieve a specific purpose or objective(s). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C164368 NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition prov:Plan process-protocol 20260305 Project Global A temporary endeavor undertaken to achieve defined objectives ISO 21506:2024 Project, programme and portfolio management — Vocabulary prov:Activity project 20260305 Project Phase Workflows A collection of logically-related project activities, usually culminating in the completion of an intended goal or deliverable Project Management Glossary of Terms prov:Plan project-phase 20260305 Property Workflows A variable that can be considered (as an investigated property) within a processing step http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Property Physicalistic Interpretation of Modelling and Simulation - Interoperability Infrastructure prov:Entity property 20260305 Provenance Collections Information that documents the history of a described object and related described activities, and that contains information about the origin or source of the described object, any changes that can have taken place since it was originated, and who has had custody of it since it was originated For scientific assertions/claims, this is the process history leading to the assertion being made, including the processes through which evidence is evaluated and the methods through which information used as evidence is created. The transitive nature of provenance means that the provenance history of information used as supporting data becomes provenance for an assertion that uses this information as evidence. Provenance metadata describes these processes, including accounts of who conducted them, what entities participated, and when/where they occurred. Adopted from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SEPIO_0000058, Master Glossary for DOI Museum Property Directives, ISO 24480:2024(en), and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000309 prov:Entity provenance 20260305 Provenance Statement Collections Any changes in ownership and custody of a resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. http://purl.org/dc/terms/ProvenanceStatement DMCI Metadata Terms prov:Entity provenance-statement 20260305 Quantity Kind Global Any observable property that can be measured and quantified numerically. Familiar examples include physical properties such as length, mass, time, force, energy, power, electric charge, etc. Less familiar examples include currency, interest rate, price to earning ratio, and information capacity. http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/QuantityKind QUDT Quantity Kind Vocabulary Version 3.1.5 prov:Entity quantity-kind 20260305 Registrar Collections Person responsible for the surveilling, handling and the action(s) of physical placement of material objects in a museum https://www.iso.org/standard/59743.html ISO 5127:2017(en) Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary prov:Role registrar 20260305 Repository Data A Web-based resources that preserve, manage, and provide access to many types of digital materials in a variety of formats. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000489 terms4FAIRskills prov:Entity repository 20260305 Requirements Data A proposition that states a set of conditions that have to be fulfilled to achieve some specific objective. http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/result#AFR_0001872 Allotrope Foundation Ontology prov:Plan requirements 20260305 Research Data Publication Workflow Workflows Activities and processes in a digital environment that lead to the publication of research data, associated metadata and accompanying documentation and software code on the Web. In contrast to interim or final published products, workflows are the means to curate, document, and review, and thus ensure and enhance the value of the published product. Workflows can involve both humans and machines and often humans are supported by technology as they perform steps in the workflow. Similar workflows may vary in the details depending on the research discipline, data publishing product and/or the host institution of the workflow. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/T4FS_0000190 terms4FAIRskills prov:Activity research-data-publication-workflow 20260305 Research Organization Registry Identifier Identifiers A ROR ID is a unique ID, expressed as a URL, that resolves to research organization's record in the ROR registry for the purposes of facilitating discovery and disambiguation. Notation: ROR ID https://ror.org/ prov:Entity https://ror.org/01pp8nd67 ror-id 20260305 Role Global The function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end. http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role PROV-O Ontology prov:Entity role 20260305 Sample Collections A material entity that represents a specific known entity (feature of interest) This Document prov:Entity sample 20260305 Sample Collection Data Entry Collections A planned process that involves the initial entering of data about sample collection into a database. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBIB_0000708 Ontology for BIoBanking (OBIB) prov:Activity sample-collection-data-entry 20260305 Semantic Interoperability Data The capability of different information systems to communicate information consistent with the intended meaning, which encompasses the data structure elements involved, the terminology appearing as data and the associated identifiers https://cidoc-crm.org/sites/default/files/cidoc_crm_version_7.1.3.pdf CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model version 7.1.3 prov:Plan semantic-interoperability 20260305 Serial Workflow Workflows A workflow whose tasks are carried in a sequence defined in a planned process https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_57ba1bf0_4314_432c_a9bb_6a6720c8dab5 Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology prov:Activity serial-workflow 20260305 Social Sciences Collections The social sciences are academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, social studies, and sociology. https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#SocialSciences Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity social-sciences 20260305 Source Data Verification Workflows Confirming the accuracy, authenticity, and thoroughness of information by comparing it to original information and records. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C142752 NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition prov:Activity source-data-verification 20260305 Space Science Collections Space science encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space, such as space medicine and astrobiology. Subclass of Earth Science https://w3id.org/skgo/modsci#SpaceScience Modern Science Ontology prov:Activity space-science 20260305 Specialized Material Entity Collections A specialized material entity is a material entity that is defined by having some quality, role or capability. http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010410 Semanticscience Integrated Ontology prov:Entity specialized-material-entity 20260305 Specification Workflows A specification is a description of the essential technical attributes/requirements for an object or procedure, and may be used to determine that the object / procedure meets its requirements/attributes. http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000090 Semanticscience Integrated Ontology prov:Plan specification 20260305 Specimen Collections A material entity that represents a generalized population or kind of something defined within some context. Within the context of museum collections, specimens are collection objects commonly collected with the intent to provide information about the population or source entity it represents. This Document prov:Entity specimen 20260305 Step Workflows An atomic unit of a workflow plan that describes a specific task performed by an Agent A workflow step usually involves some input information, material or energy needed to complete the step, and some output information, material or energy produced by that step. Adopted from ISO 12651-2:2014, http://purl.org/spar/pwo/Step prov:Plan step 20260305 Subprocess Workflows A process that is included within another Process. https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#SubProcess BPMN Based Ontology prov:Activity subprocess 20260305 Task Workflows An atomic unit of a task in a workflow procedure where one or more distinct, clearly defined actions are performed and may be characterized by a starting and ending time The concept of task is developed in strict connection with the concept of workflow: a task is always part of a workflow and a workflow always possess some tasks. This makes the relation between task and workflow an holistic relation, with task as role and workflow as whole. This Document, Usage notes adopted from https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc and https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#Task prov:Activity task 20260305 The Handle system Identifiers The Handle System provides a general-purpose global name service enabling secure name resolution over the Internet, designed to enable a broad set of communities to use the technology to identify digital content independent of location. The DOI system utilises the Handle System as one component in building an added value application, for the persistent, semantically interoperable, identification of intellectual property entities. Notation: Handle https://www.dona.net/handle-system prov:Entity handle 20260305 Tool Workflows Physical or digital resource that helps an agent perform an action http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing#Tool Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity. prov:Entity tool 20260305 Transaction Workflows A cooperative interaction between two agents, involving the exchange or transfer of exchangeable products, services, rights, or funds or the processing of some request by one entity on behalf of the other Adopted from ISO/IEC TR 15067-3-8:2020 and ISO 6707-2:2017(en), 3.2.53 prov:Activity transaction 20260305 Transaction Identifier Workflows A global or local identifiers for a specific transaction This Document prov:Entity transaction-identifier 20260305 Trigger Workflows A specific event in a planned process that initializes a new workflow branch Newly created workflows initiated by a formalized trigger are referred to as branches. This Document prov:Activity trigger 20260305 Uniform Resource Identifier Identifiers A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. Notation: URI https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986 RFC 3986 prov:Entity http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/GeologicalContext uri 20260305 Universal Resource Name Identifiers A URI that identifies a resource by name in a particular namespace. URNs provide globally-unique names for resources as opposed to providing information about their location (URL). Notation: URN https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8141 RFC 8141 prov:Entity urn:issn:1476-4687 urn 20260305 Universally Unique Identifier (Version 4) Identifiers Most commonly used universal identifier for machine-readable resources Notations: UUID, GUID https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9562 RFC 9562 prov:Entity 405ebddc-7bec-42f7-97fc-10dbf14004e5 uuid 20260305 Validation Data A planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0302911 Ontology for Biomedical Investigations prov:Activity validation 20260305 Value Data An articulation that is by social convention understood to be potentially assignable to a variable http://www.molmod.info/semantics/pims-ii.ttl#Value Physicalistic Interpretation of Modelling and Simulation - Interoperability Infrastructure prov:Entity value 20260305 Voucher specimen Collections A specimen that physically and permanently documents data in published literature by verifying the identity of the organism(s) used in the study and by doing so ensures that a study which otherwise could not be repeated can be accurately reviewed or reassessed. Rock and mineral specimens may serve as vouchers to document the geology of an area. Master Glossary for DOI Museum Property Directives prov:Entity voucher-specimen 20260305 Workflow Workflows A recorded sequence of connected steps, which may be automated, specifying a reliably repeatable sequence of operations to be undertaken during the lifecycle of data A workflow is a type of prov:Activity that has at least two procedures as proper parts. A workflow may be seen as an abstract model of real work. Adopted from EMMO, http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Workflow, http://purl.org/spar/pwo/Workflow prov:Activity workflow 20260305 Workflow Action Workflows An Event with at least one participatory Agent that executes a Task that typically defined in a Plan as part of a Workflow http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#Action DOLCE+DnS Ultralite ontology prov:Activity workflow-action 20260305 Workflow Branch Workflows A new instance of a workflow that splits from an existing workflow triggered by a planned activity such as acquiring a new collection object from an existing one (subsampling). The new workflow runs in parallel and is optionally reconnected for mobilization purposes. This Document prov:Entity workflow-branch 20260305 Workflow Event Workflows Something that happens during a process as part of a workflow and commonly affects the flow of the process. Here event is generalized to cover many things in a process, including the start or end of an Activity or a change in state of a specimen Adopted from https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#Event prov:Activity workflow-event 20260305 Workflow Management System Workflows A system that defines, creates and manages the execution of workflows through the use of software, running on one or more workflow engines, which is able to interpret the process definition, interact with workflow participants and, where required, invoke the use of IT tools and applications. Workflow Management Coalition Specification Document Number WFMC-TC-1011. prov:Entity workflow-management-system 20260305 Workflow Phase Workflows A distinguished part of a workflow comprised of a grouping of processes based on conceptual, thematic, functional and temporal criteria Phases must be defined explicitly and unambiguously with minimal semantic overlap between phases belonging to the same workflow This Document with contributions from ISO 24635-1:2025 and ISO/TS 16710-1:2024 prov:Activity workflow-phase 20260305 Workflow Tool Workflows Device, system or software used by an Agent to perform specific workflow tasks Adopted from ISO/IEC 23000-15:2016 prov:Entity workflow-tool 20260305